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Chapter 3: The Outsourcing of the enterprise activities
and the cost analysis

3.1. Chosen of Exstenalization

The externalization of the enterprise activities is not a recent phenomenon, in the years eighty studies and searches have already focused the attention on the phenomena of productive decentralization and the advantages that derive some, in terms of greater efficiency and better approached specialistiche acquaintances.
In particular to leave from the slid decade, the American enterprises began to made a question of "sourcing", that is to find the better way for supplying of the factors and the services.
The problem particularly was felt for the area of information system (the I.S.); pioneristica in such sense the decision of the Eastman Kodak that carried out contracts of Outsourcing 14 of the I.S. with IBM.
The main reason to the base of the choices of outsourcing is to get rid of some functions in order to concentrate the attention on the activities considered from management "Core". It puts into effect them tendency to the externalization is characterized beyond that from an acceleration of the phenomenon also from the diversity of the performance modalities.
To the productive decentralization of the past decades and the creation of sub-supply relationships that they give it came down have replaced models of networking, above all international.
In the theory of the transazionali costs of Williamson (1975) it is already begun to put into effect a substitution of the mechanisms and the determining ones that influence the decisional processes of the enterprises.
These last ones carry out the choices, not only in function of the variable not controlable external, but also in function of buyable the possessed inner resources or.
The price of the transactions enters in the decisional choices compared with the costs of inner implementazione.
In the theory of the transazionali costs one new variable for the determination of the decisions is caught a glimpse, is worth to say the objective strategic face to diminish the costs for the attainment of benefits compares to you, estimated through the comparison between cost economies total (production cost and cost of transaction) attainable in the various alternatives.
This perspective confers a more dynamic role of the government of the resources, than, is replaced to a static behavior of the decisions of forehead to the variable courses of the exogenous ones, which the prices of the market.
" a new paradigm has been developed that not only sees the enterprise like a economic-productive phenomenon, but as subject of cognitive exchanges you and to the center of a net of relations between actors it specializes to you and flexible " 15 .
This paradigm leaving from the flexibility of the strategies door towards the "snellezza" delle organizational structures, in substitution of the traditional intraorganizzative hierarchical relations.
The tipologyof activity are being become larger also externalization object, not tied more to the traditional activities of the terziario field (transports, distribution), but they extend to business process complete, to the entire one supply chain.
However it is necessary that the enterprises have the knowledge that every chosen of externalization, modifying meaningfully the structure of the chain of the value, can influence the ability to creation of economic value in along period.
The decision of outsourcing in an enterprise is not therefore an easy operation.
Is possible for an enterprise not to succeed to obtain turns out to you appreciable if the adoption of this instrument does not happen with correct criteria. Terziarizzare a business activity, for how much it can be marginal regarding Core business, it involves having to redesign inner organizational structures, and that means to have to follow some stages:


 


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