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CHAPTER III: PRESUPPOSED And CONDITIONS FOR The REALIZATION OF A VIRTUAL WAREHOUSE

3.1.3 THE DISTRICT NET, THE PURCHASES, THE LOGISTICS

The disciplines that have operated on the topic of the nets are numerous: economy, engineering, computer science, operations research, sciences of the organization. The term nets alludes in fact to concepts and the most various applications: nets data transmissions, nets of processes, nets of relations, nets of acquaintances, nets of enterprises, nets of enterprise and territories, and a lot other. The term insomma is used in specific way in order to indicate every risen of logon.
The problem is that many of these are logons parallels, is intercrossed and they are interlaced in the operation of the social and economic systems. Many diatribe between various schools have been determined from the sottolineatura of one or the other aspect, more than from various theoretical systems.
Omitting to enter in the specific one of such theoretical currents, the essential condition for the constitution and survival of a district net strategy shared and pursued from the members of the net is the existence of one.
A common strategy involves one total cost reduction through the attainment of attainable economies through the centralization of the requirementses of the various customers and industrial fields.
Draft therefore of the possibility to obtain savings is from the optimization of the business processes is on the pure purchase price.
Any shape of sharing demands but, the passage of some powers (decisional and economic) from the single enterprises to a governmental authority of the entire group. In order to plan and to manage a "district net" it is necessary that two conditions are come true:

  • to) that a strategic agency exists that cargo to conceive and to realize this plan is made. To second of the conditions this agency it can be a " committee of private-public government 17 ", an entrepreneurial group of reference 18 , one medium "district enterprise" (Varaldo), one great enterprise or other.
  • b) That the net is put in condition of:
    • to control the "net of the value";
    • to manage the net processes;
    • to generate and to develop are inner organizational units that operate like "nearly enterprises", are economically self-sufficient enterprises ("vital nodes");
    • to shape, to select and to hold assets the multiple logons between inner organizational units and external enterprises ("net logons");
    • to develop together: a hierarchical structure, a market, an informative system, a logistic system, a system of communication, a culture, a political system ("composite structures and coexisting");
    • to develop a government system.
It is from evidencing that on the inside of the district, such agencies start plans of change of the productive and social system of a territory that organizational structures of new conception have for object.
For the constitution of a district net there are four theses:
  • to) the necessity of some mechanism of governance does not exist;
  • b) enterprise is one guides;
  • c) is one district enterprise;
  • d) variety of shapes of governance exists one, the some most effective ones other less to second of the territories and the production processes.
Of the hypotheses indicated does not exist a better solution in absolute, in how much will be the search on the district that will give one answer to this question.
An ulterior alternative, that it seems to demonstrate itself valid, is represented from the possibility to entrust the governance logistic to an external specialistic operator to the district, therefore to resort to the outsourcing.
In fact currently on the market valid ones are present some outsourcer specialize to you in a position to being able to put into effect and to manage a district net succeeding to achieve optimal turns out to you more taking advantage itself of evolute the computer science technologies.
Facing the topic of the district nets it does not have to forget that the main one gap between great and small enterprises is represented from the impossibility of the second ones to obtain economies of scale.
Therefore the resource to an aggregation in an industrial net from part of the PMI concurs they is to overwhelm such gap, is of being able to use technologies of which they could not have have ud of operating singularly.
Of other part the more and more increasing interest towards the computer science applications seems to push the guideline of the PMI towards such solution, pack-saddles to think next to the fact that the business processes more and more have place on the net of telecommunication and in particular on WEB 19 .
Moreover the logistics and the new technologies of net, constitute of the true and own strategic infrastructures through which, above all the PMI, can redesign own productive organization WEB 20 .
The flow of the assets between the various places of production needs of new instruments actions to reduce the operating barriers that traditionally have represented a limit to the development of the economic activities of the PMI on total scale. The new conception of the logistics, thanks to the new technologies, allows to the enterprises of being able to undertake previously unthinkable integrating political.
The logistic organization above all assumes a competitive strategy for all those small and averages enterprises and of local the productive systems (districts).
But for the enterprises of smaller dimensions in which there is lack of means, infrastructures, resources and technologies apt to guarantee the perseguimento of such strategies to low costs, the evolution of the logistics risks to tradursi in a threat rather than in an opportunity.
This above all for the difficulties inborn in the sharing of resources between more companies and in particular way to the inside of those definable districts like competitive, that is where between the same enterprises it turns out particularly difficult, to organize a " game of square 21 ".
To the aim of the constitution of a district net, an ulterior element of analysis not to underrate is that one played from the "new role of the purchases".
The extension of the processes to the outside of the enterprise with the consequent involvement of the suppliers to the inside of the structure of business, the redefinition of supply chain with the transfer to the suppliers of the greater responsibilities and risks, the necessity to employ standard trades them, the new possible models of supply with the e-business, modifies in substantial way is the way to operate that the business role of the purchases.
The responsibility of the management of the higher quota the supplying costs and a park that, fact, conditions the technical and operating result of the company, shapes the "Function Purchases" like one of the levers of the business of the enterprise.
In this changed scene, the "Function Purchases" must face the evolution of its role, from operating executrix of the indications of the user, to compartecipe of the attainment of turns out to you generates them of company, through the realization and management of the supply chain, the redefinition of the supply processes, the political realization for the alliances, the development of market ability intelligence, the development of coherent strategies with objects you to it of business business.
Inner question, market of the offer, processes and operating structure of the system of supplyings are the levers on which the management can act in order to maintain the control of the expense and the induced inner costs from supplyings. The attainment of the total economic objective is not assured solo from the governabilità of these levers, but it depends also on the real ability to use them.
In order to adapt the function to the new tasks it is necessary, for every company, to follow a distance that, characterizes you the force points and of weakness of the system it puts into effect them, it defines the actions to second complete a plan adapted to the characteristics of the specific truth, in terms of tipologia and modality of performance. It turns out obtained to you with partial participations or only starts to you on the base of specific requirements or sector they are not generally mantenibili in the time if it has not been developed the ability to government of the levers of management 22 .


  • Note 17: Like to Prato in the '80
  • Note 18: Like to Biella (Locke)
  • Note 19: The case of: purchases, inner communications to the company, interaziendali information...
  • Note 20: Fabio Ulgiati 2001, Evolution of the relationships of Business to Business between small and averages enterprises, University la Sapienza, Rome
  • Note 21: Coro' Giancarlo and Agostino Zeno, in "From the systems of the transports to the logistic organization", Relationship on the logistics, Chamber of Commerce of Mantova, I reach 2001
  • Note 22: From www.logicamente.it

 


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